干旱化背景下区域产业发展适应对策——以陕北榆林市为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘晓琼  刘彦随 《地理科学进展》2006,25(5):86-93

陕北榆林市既是我国重要的能源重化工基地， 又是生态环境极端脆弱的危急区。如何在气 候干旱化背景下围绕事关区域经济可持续发展的先导因素———水资源， 实现能源矿产资源可持 续开发， 保障基地的稳定发展是关系能源重化工基地生死存亡并危及国家能源安全的大事。本文 通过分析研究区气候变化及区域产业发展面临的各类问题， 提出应在科学发展观指导下， 以保护 性利用水资源为核心， 因地制宜地选用发展农业对策， 促进能源矿产资源合理开发。  相似文献   

ENVIRONMENTAL EVOLUTION OF ORDOS DESERT IN CHINA SINCE 1.1MA B. P. AS INDICATED BY YULIN STRATIGRAPHICAL SECTION AND ITS GRAIN-SIZE ANALYSIS RESULTS     

LIBao-sheng GAOShang-yu DONGGuang-rong JINHe-ling 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(1):34-41

1INTRODUCTIONOrdosDesertisageneral appellationof Qubqi Desert onthe north, Hedong Sandy Landonthesouthwest and MuUs Desert on the southeast (Fig. 1). It is situated on atransitional zone from arid desert steppe to semi-aridsteppe between ariddesertinNorth…  相似文献   

Spatial dynamics of estuarine water surface temperature from airborne remote sensing     

Richard D. Hedger  Tim J. Malthus  Andrew M. Folkard  Peter M. Atkinson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,71(3-4):608-615

This paper examines the applicability of airborne remote sensing to the characterization and quantification of the spatial dynamics of water surface temperature (WST) within estuaries. For this, a series of successive airborne Thematic Mapper thermal images was acquired of Kirkcudbright Bay, an estuary in the United Kingdom, on two dates. Spatial dynamics were determined by two techniques: (1) qualitatively, which involved interpreting features ‘by eye’; and (2) by the velocimetric technique of maximum cross correlation (MCC). Qualitatively, complex spatial dynamics were identified over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, associated with the creation and dissipation of eddies, and the convergence and divergence of fronts, all of which were superimposed on the synoptic tidal flow. MCC was effective for producing synoptic velocity fields, but the minimum cell size was constrained by image noise, limiting the ability to analyze small-scale spatial dynamics. The effectiveness of MCC was related to the ratio of spatially correlated variance to spatially independent variance, as estimated from the variogram. Suggestions for optimizing the application of airborne remote sensing to estuarine spatial dynamics are presented.  相似文献   

An investigation into technetium binding in sediments     

Miranda J. Keith-Roach  Katherine Morris  Henning Dahlgaard 《Marine Chemistry》2003,81(3-4):149-162

Coastal environments with reducing waters and/or sediments represent potential sinks for ⁹⁹Tc discharged to sea. Here, we have examined estuarine sediments from four geochemically distinct locations that have been exposed to ⁹⁹Tc discharged from Sellafield. Both the relative uptake and the operationally defined sediment “component” that holds the Tc were investigated in order to establish whether particular biogeochemical processes are predominately responsible for reducing and binding Tc in sediments. Despite the artefacts that can pose problems for sequential extractions, this scheme [Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 51 (1993) 187] appears to be robust with regard to Tc. The results show that relative uptake of Tc varied greatly between the sites, with the highest occurring at an almost permanently anoxic fjord (Mariager Fjord, Denmark), followed by a brackish, seasonally eutrophic fjord (Roskilde Fjord, Denmark), then a sub-oxic salt marsh (which receives particle bound radionuclides from a more reducing mud patch; Esk Estuary, UK) and finally sulfidic and iron-reducing muddy sandy sediments (Needle's Eye, Solway Firth, Scotland). High relative uptake at the fjords was explained by the greater mixing of Tc-labelled oxic seawater into the part of the system where reduction of TcO₄⁻ was possible. Uptake at Mariager Fjord was higher than at Roskilde Fjord, reflecting the highly reducing geochemical conditions in the water body. Low uptake at Needle's Eye may be related to the speciation of technetium at this site as the sequential extraction data suggest that Tc is associated with the carbonate phase here. Tc carbonates are largely soluble, and this is the first observation of Tc association with carbonate fractions in the natural environment. The other three sites showed that organic matter, in conjunction with reducing conditions, was very important for binding and retaining Tc in sediments. The specific role of sulfides in controlling Tc retention in sediments was unclear because sulfides and organic matter are leached simultaneously in the sequential extraction scheme we applied, but there was evidence that Tc was not associated with acid-volatile iron monosulfides.  相似文献   

一部具有理论意义和应用价值的科学论著——评《土地资源开发与区域协调发展》     

冯海燕 《山地学报》2006,24(4):510-512

《土地资源开发与区域协调发展》一书是对陕北榆林典型地区近10多年跟踪研究的初步总结,是基于科学发展观,全面审视我国重点能源重化工基地区域土地资源开发与区域发展协调关系的最新科研成果,具有理论意义和应用价值。该成果将在区域土地资源开发、经济发展与生态建设的具体实践,以及统筹区域协调发展的科学决策中发挥指导作用。  相似文献   

玉林市近50年来干旱的发生规律及防御对策   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

陈国保陈利东  陆小林 《广西气象》2006,27(3):40-43

根据玉林市春、夏、秋三个季节干旱对农业生产的影响，参照历年的旱情资料，确定出干旱的农业气象指标，分析47a来干旱的时空分布规律和特点，并针对玉林市的具体情况提出一些防御干旱的对策。  相似文献   

Mechanism and regulation of land degradation in Yulin district     

LIU Yansui  ZHANG Xiaoping  LI Xianwen  Jay Gao 《地理学报》2003,13(2):217-224

Yulin district is located in the transitional zone between Mu Us Desert and Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi Province, thus it is particularly vulnerable to degradation due to its fragile ecosystem and intense human activities there. The purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism, process and driving force of land degradation in area with vulnerable eco-environment within the context of increasing population and intensifying human economic activities, and then find out the patterns and countermeasures of how to control them using the economic and technological ways. In detail, this study includes three main sections: the first section analyzes the mechanism, causes and characteristics of land degradation, which can be achieved by the typical field investigations and systematical analysis within the regional natural, social and economic context. Based on the technologies of remote sensing and GIS, and combined with the modeling methods, the second section reveals the change characteristics of land use and its driving force from 1990 to 2000; As to the third section, feasible countermeasures of how to prevent the degradation and rehabilitate the regional ecology are proposed, which are studied from the perspective of harmony between nature and economy, and the conception of regional sustainable development.  相似文献   

陕北榆林地区沙漠化土地类型及时空变化分析   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

张　莉王飞跃  张铁军 《中国地质》2002,29(4):426-430

根据1987年和1999年两个时相TM遥感影像解译成果，运用地理信息系统空间分析方法及数理统计方法，分析了陕北榆林地区1987-1999年间土地沙漠化程度和土地沙漠化时空分布变化特征。并有所好转，这主要得益于当地政府对土地沙漠化的积极治理和有效政策，生态环境脆弱，气候干燥，多风是本区土地沙漠化的主要自然驱动因素，不合理的人类活动则是沙漠化的诱因，人为的积极治理措施可以有效控制沙漠化的进程。  相似文献   

A GIS-based research on the distribution of rural settlements in Yulin of northern Shaanxi     

ZHAO Mu-dan  TANG Guo-an  SHI Wen-zhong  LIU Yong-mei 《地理学报》2002,12(2):171-176

The development and distribution pattern of rural settlements was greatly limited by their natural and social environment. Taking Yulin prefecture in northern Shaanxi’s Loess Plateau area as an example, 1:250,000 map-scale national geographical database as a major information source, a GIS-based research was conducted to investigate the spatial distribution of the rural settlements. In this paper, many significant characteristics of the rural settlement distribution are reviewed by means of a series of GIS-based information processing methodology. The results obtained in this study should be helpful for the urban and rural settlements reconstruction planning in this area.  相似文献   

陕北能源开发区农村转型发展轨迹及效应解析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

文琦  刘彦随 《地理科学》2014,34(9):1077-1084

运用产业结构转换系数、农业多样化指数、多部门经济分析模型、能源生产弹性系数等方法,对1978~2011年榆林市农村转型发展进行深入研究。研究发现：① 1978~1991 年,榆林市三次产业结构转换速度系数为 0.123,产业结构缓慢转换;1992~1997年,伴随着中国经济改革,产业结构逐步优化;1998~2003年榆林市产业转换速度达最大值0.276;2004年后,以能源经济为主导的第二产业区域经济发展,产业转换速度有所回落。1991~2011年,榆林市产业结构变动对经济增长的贡献值平均为3.94%,GDP增长的29%是由产业结构变动造成;② 1991~2011年榆林市能源生产弹性系数维持在1.8左右,能源资源开发44.44%的价值外溢。产业结构偏离度、比较劳动生产率、二元对比系数均说明了榆林市农业生产效益较低,以能源化工为主的重工业对劳动力的吸纳能力有限。③ 1990~2011年,榆林市农村居民恩格尔系数由63.07%下降到36.70%,传统食物消费模式逐渐转变,农民生活水平提升。加快能源资源区农村转型发展,促进能源资源开发与农村经济互促发展成为榆林市当前面临的重要任务。  相似文献